(a) V
I(PP)
= −1.5 V TO4.5 V (b) OUTPUT PHASE REVERSAL
EXHIBITED BY LM358
(c) NO PHASE REVERSAL
EXHIBITED BY LT1013
−1
0
1
2
3
4
5
−1
0
1
2
3
4
5
−1
0
1
2
3
4
5
−2
VI(PP) − Input Voltage − V
I(PP)
V
VO − Output Voltage − V
V
O
VO − Output Voltage − V
V
O
18
LT1013
,
LT1013D
,
LT1013M
,
LT1013AM
SLOS018I –MAY 1988–REVISED JULY 2016
www.ti.com
Product Folder Links: LT1013 LT1013D LT1013M LT1013AM
Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1988–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Feature Description (continued)
7.3.3 Low-Supply Operation
The minimum supply voltage for proper operation of the LT1013x is 3.4 V (three NiCad batteries). Typical supply
current at this voltage is 290 µA; therefore, power dissipation is only 1 mW per amplifier.
7.3.4 Output Phase Reversal Protection
The LT1013x is fully specified for single-supply operation (V
CC−
= 0). The common-mode input voltage range
includes ground, and the output swings to within a few millivolts of ground.
Furthermore, the LT1013x has specific circuitry that addresses the difficulties of single-supply operation, both at
the input and at the output. At the input, the driving signal can fall below 0 V, either inadvertently or on a
transient basis. If the input is more than a few hundred millivolts below ground, the LT1013x is designed to deal
with the following two problems that can occur:
1. On many other operational amplifiers, when the input is more than a diode drop below ground, unlimited
current flows from the substrate (VCC− terminal) to the input, which can destroy the unit. On the LT1013x,
the 400-Ω resistors in series with the input protect the device, even when the input is 5 V below ground.
2. When the input is more than 400 mV below ground (at T
A
= 25°C), the input stage of similar operational
amplifiers saturates, and phase reversal occurs at the output. This can cause lockup in servo systems.
Because of unique phase-reversal protection circuitry (Q21, Q22, Q27, and Q28), the LT1013x outputs do
not reverse, even when the inputs are at −1.5 V (see Figure 24).
This phase-reversal protection circuitry does not function when the other operational amplifier on the LT1013x is
driven hard into negative saturation at the output. Phase-reversal protection does not work on amplifier 1 when
amplifier 2 output is in negative saturation nor on amplifier 2 when amplifier 1 output is in negative saturation.
At the output, other single-supply designs either cannot swing to within 600 mV of ground or cannot sink more
than a few micro amperes while swinging to ground. The all-npn output stage of the LT1013x maintains its low
output resistance and high-gain characteristics until the output is saturated. In dual-supply operations, the output
stage is free of crossover distortion.
Figure 24. Voltage-Follower Response With Input Exceeding the Negative Common-Mode Input Voltage
Range
